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Too often we take for granted many of the social, political scientific, technological, and philosophical developments that took place during the 19th Century. We sometimes forget, for example, that the American Civil war occured during the later half of the 19th Century, only 50 or so years before World War I, and only 50 or so years after winning a fight for independence from Great Britain. During this century, also, Latin American countries begin winning their independence from Europe, while Europe itself faces both the French and Industrial Revolutions. In the United States, Great Britain and other parts of the world, slavery is abolished, women begin wining the right to vote, the bicycle is invented, the first oil wells are drilled in the U.S., gold is discovered in California, the revolver is patented, dynamite and the telephone are invented, electromagnetic waves and x-rays are discovered, radium is isolated, the first skyscrapers begin to appear almost simultaneously in British, European and North American cities, the Communist Manifesto is published in Russia, and the Mormans migrate to Utah just before Nietzsche announces the death of God...
Major Figures of the 19th Century:
Immanuel Kant. 1724-1804.
Gotthold Ephraim Lessing. 1729-1781.
Moses Mendelssohn. 1729-1786.
Georg Johann Hamann. 1730-1788.
Thomas Jefferson. 1743-1826.
Johann Gottfried von Herder. 1744-1803.
Jeremy Bentham. 1748-1832.
Solomon Maimon. 1754-1800.
Johann Christoph Friedrich Schiller. 1759-1805.
Mary Wollstonecraft. 1759-1797.
Johann Gottlieb Fichte. 1762-1814.
Anne Louise Germaine Necker, Baronne de Staël-Holstein. 1766-1817.
Wilhelm von Humboldt. 1767-1835.
Friedrich Ernst Daniel Schleiermacher. 1768-1834.
Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel. 1770-1831.
Friedrich Wilhelm Joseph von Schelling. 1775-1854.
Johann Friedrich Herbart. 1776-1841.
Bernard Bolzano. 1781-1848.
Karl C.F. Krause. 1781-1832.
Arthur Schopenhauer. 1788-1860.
Auguste Comte. 1798-1857.
Ludwig Andreas Feuerbach. 1804-1872.
John Stuart Mill. 1806-1873.
Charles Darwin. 1809-1882.
Søren Aabye Kierkegaard. 1813-1855.
Mikhail Alexandrovich Bakunin. 1814-1876.
Karl Marx. 1818-1883.
Frederick Engels. 1820-1895.
Herbert Spencer. 1820-1903.
Fyodor Dostoevsky. 1821-1881.
Wilhelm Dilthey. 1833-1911.
Thomas Hill Green. 1836-1882.
Franz Brentano. 1838-1907.
Ernst Mach. 1838-1916.
Charles Sanders Peirce. 1839-1914.
William James. 1842-1910.
Peter Kropotkin. 1842-1921.
Friedrich Nietzsche. 1844-1900.
Georg F.L.P. Cantor. 1845-1918.
Francis Herbert Bradley. 1846-1924.
Bernard Bosanquet. 1848-1923.
Friedrich Ludwig Gottlob Frege. 1848-1925.
Hans Vaihinger. 1852-1933.
Josiah Royce. 1855-1916.
Sigmund Freud. 1856-1939.
Henri Bergson. 1859-1941.
John Dewey. 1859-1952.
Edmund Husserl. 1859-1938.
Charlotte Perkins Gilman. 1860-1936.
Lou Andreas Salomé. 1861-1937.
Alfred North Whitehead. 1861-1947.
George Santayana. 1863-1952.
John McTaggart Ellis McTaggart. 1866-1925.
Emma Goldman. 1869-1940.
Vladimir Ilyich Lenin. 1870-1924.
Rosa Luxemburg. 1870-1919.
Bertrand Arthur William Russell. 1872-1970.
George Edward Moore. 1873-1958.
Ernst Cassirer. 1874-1945.
Max Scheler. 1874-1928.
Carl Gustav Jung. 1875-1961.
Martin Buber. 1878-1965.
Albert Einstein. 1879-1955.
Karl Jaspers. 1883-1969.
José Ortega y Gasset. 1883-1955.
Martin Heidegger. 1889-1976.
Ludwig Wittgenstein. 1889-1951. |
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